Beryllium
Iberyllium sisiqalelo sekhemikhali kwitheyibhile yeperiodic yezinto ezinenombolo yeathomu yesi- 4 kunye nesimboli ethi Yiba. Igama livela kwiminerali yayo ephambili, i-beryl. I-Beryllium yinto yokuqala yezinto zeqela lesibini lenkqubo ye-periodic, eyenza inxalenye ye-s block, kwaye ngunozala wesinyithi somhlaba we-alkaline . Kwimeko yayo yesinyithi yintsimbi engwevu ngombala, iqinile ngokumangalisayo, ilula kwaye iyaphuka, inendawo yokunyibilika efikelelekayo (1278 °C) phakathi kweentsimbi ezikhanyayo kwaye ikwayeyona nto inamandla ombane kunye nencinci esebenzayo kwiqela. [1] Ngenxa yesi sizathu kulungele ukusetyenziswa kwii-alloys ezikhanyayo (ikakhulukazi kunye neCu kunye ne-Ni), ngakumbi kwiindawo ze- aeronautical kunye ne-aerospace. [2] [3]
Ubudlelwane be-diagonal kunye ne -aluminiyam buthetha ukuba ezi zinto zimbini zineempawu ezifanayo, nangona i-aluminiyam i-electropositive encinci kwaye isinyithi esingenabungozi kakhulu esisisebenzisa yonke imihla. Iberyllium isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezithile apho kunzima ukuyitshintsha, umzekelo, isetyenziswa njenge-agent yokomeleza kwezinye iialloyi zobhedu .
I-Beryllium iyingozi xa ifakwe umoya: iimpembelelo zixhomekeke kwixesha kunye nobungakanani bokuvezwa. Ukuba amanqanaba e-beryllium emoyeni aphakame ngokwaneleyo (ngaphezu kwe iThemplethi:M / m³), inokubangela imeko efana nenyumoniya, ebizwa ngokuba yi-acute berylliosis. Ngaphaya koko, ikwayi- carcinogenic ebantwini (A1-ACGIH).
- ↑ Chemistry of the Elements Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN 0-7506-3365-4
- ↑ Metals handbook ASM International 1998 pp. 690–691 ISBN 978-0-87170-654-6
- ↑ Encyclopedia of materials, parts, and finishes CRC Press 2002 p. 62 ISBN 978-1-56676-661-6