Wikipedia

Burundi

Burundi , ), ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhlikhi yaseBurundi (  ; IsiSwahili : IJamuhuri yaseBurundi ; IsiFrentshi : République du Burundi ), lilizwe elivaliweyo kwiNtlambo enguMwonyo eNkulu ekudibaneni kommandla wamaChibi Amakhulu aseAfrika kunye neMpuma Afrika . Umda weRwanda ngasemantla, iTanzania ngasempuma nasemzantsi-mpuma, kunye neDemocratic Republic of the Congo ngasentshona; ILake Tanganyika ilele kumda wayo osemazantsi-ntshona. Izixeko ezingamakomkhulu yiGitega kunye neBujumbura, esona sixeko sikhulu selizwe. [1]

AmaTwa, amaHutu namaTutsi aye ahlala eBurundi ubuncinane iminyaka engama-500. Ngaphezu kwama-200 aloo minyaka, iBurundi yayibubukumkani obuzimeleyo, de kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, xa yaba lithanga laseJamani. [2] Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweJamani, i- League of Nations "yayalela" indawo eBelgium. Emva kweMfazwe yesiBini yeHlabathi, oku kwaguquka kwaba yiNgxowa-mali yeZizwe eziManyeneyo . Omabini amaJamani namaBelgian alawula iBurundi neRwanda njengethanga laseYurophu elaziwa ngokuba yiRuanda-Urundi . IBurundi neRwanda azizange zibe phantsi kolawulo olufanayo de kwalixesha lobuthanga baseYurophu eAfrika. [3]

IBurundi yafumana inkululeko ngo-1962 kwaye ekuqaleni yayinobukhosi, kodwa uthotho lokubulala, ukubhukuqa kunye nemozulu jikelele yokungazinzi kwengingqi yafikelela incopho ekusekweni kweriphabliki kunye nelizwe elinye ngo-1966. Iziganeko zokuhlanjululwa kobuhlanga ekugqibeleni kwaneemfazwe ezimbini zamakhaya nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ngeminyaka yee -1970 nangeminyaka yee -1990 kwakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangamakhulu amawaka, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba uqoqosho lungabi nankqubela yaye abemi bangabona bangamahlwempu ehlabathini . [4] Kunyaka ka-2015 kukho ukruthakruthwano olukhulu lwezopolitiko njengoko umongameli uPierre Nkurunziza wakhetha ukungenela isihlandlo sesithathu, iinzame zokubhukuqa aziphumelelanga kwaye unyulo lwepalamente nomongameli welizwe lwagxekwa ngokubanzi ngamalungu oluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Ilizwe elizimeleyo lenkqubo yezopolitiko yaseBurundi lelo lommeli womongameli weriphabliki yedemokhrasi esekwe phezu kwelizwe elinamaqela ngamaqela. Umongameli waseBurundi yintloko yelizwe kunye nentloko karhulumente . Ngoku kukho amaqela angama-21 abhalisiweyo eBurundi . [5] Ngomhla we-13 kweyoKwindla ka-1992, inkokeli yobhukuqo-mbuso yamaTutsi uPierre Buyoya waseka umgaqo-siseko, [6] owawubonelela ngenkqubo yamaqela amaninzi ezopolitiko kwaye ubonakalisa ukhuphiswano lwamaqela amaninzi. [7] Kwiminyaka emithandathu emva koko, ngomhla wesi-6 kuJuni ka-1998, umgaqo-siseko watshintshwa, wandiswa izihlalo zeNdlu yoWiso-mthetho kwaye wenza amalungiselelo oosekela-mongameli ababini. Ngenxa yeSivumelwano sase-Arusha, iBurundi yamisela urhulumente wethutyana ngowama-2000 [8] Ngo-Oktobha 2016, iBurundi yazisa i-UN ngenjongo yayo yokuhoxisa kwiNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho lwamazwe ngamazwe . [9]

I-Burundi ihleli ikakhulu iluluntu lwasemaphandleni, kunye ne-13.4% kuphela yabemi abahlala ezidolophini ngo-2019 [10] Ukuxinana kwabantu malunga nama-315 abantu ngekhilomitha nganye yesikwere (753 nge sq mi) lelesibini ngobukhulu kwi -Afrika ekwi-Sub-Saharan . [5] Malunga nama-85% abemi bangamaHutu, i-15% ngamaTutsi, yaye ngaphantsi kwe-1% ngabemi bomthonyama bamaTwa . [11] Iilwimi ezisemthethweni zaseBurundi sisiKirundi, isiFrentshi, kunye nesiNgesi, isiKirundi samkelwa ngokusemthethweni njengolwimi olulodwa lwesizwe. [12]

  1. ↑ "Loi n°1/04 du 04 février 2019 portant Fixation de la Capitale Politique et de la Capitale Economique du Burundi" retrieved 24 February 2019 
  2. ↑ Strizek, Helmut (2006) Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft [Donated colonies: Rwanda and Burundi under German rule] Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag ISBN 978-3861533900 
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EBArchived
  4. ↑ Eggers, p. xlix.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Background Note: Burundi.
  6. ↑ "Burundi" archived from the original on 17 June 2009 retrieved 27 July 2008  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ "Burundi – Politics" archived from the original on 5 January 2009 retrieved 21 July 2008  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ "Republic of Burundi: Public Administration Country Profile" United Nations' Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM): 5–7 July 2004 archived from the original on 1 October 2008 retrieved 20 September 2008  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ "Burundi Officially Informs UN of Intent to Leave ICC" archived from the original on 25 November 2016  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ CIA – The World Factbook – Burundi CIA.
  11. ↑ Eggers, p. ix.
  12. ↑ Maurer, Sous la direction de Bruno (1 October 2016) Les approches bi-plurilingues d'enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme Écoles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26–27 mars 2015, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, France Archives contemporaines ISBN 9782813001955 archived from the original on 10 April 2018 retrieved 10 April 2018 – via Google Books  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
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