Lighthouse
I-lighthouse yisakhiwo, ngokubanzi inqaba, ixhotyiswe phezulu kunye nenkqubo, equkethe isibane kunye nenkqubo yeelensi, ekwazi ukukhupha izibonakaliso zokukhanya ezinamandla ukunceda kunye nokukhangela ireferensi.
Bamele eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimiqondiso yaselwandle: ibekwe kufutshane neendawo zokumisa, iindawo eziyingozi okanye ezinye iindawo apho kuluncedo ukuba nenqaku elibonakalayo elibonakalayo ukusuka kumgama omde ngexesha lokuhamba konxweme, ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo kwiitshathi ze-nautical ezibonisa nazo. umphakamo wojoliso, kunye neempawu zophawu lokukhanya olukhutshiweyo oluzichonga ngendlela ebonakalayo ye-univocal.
Igama livela kwisiqithi sasePharos, esijongene ne-Alexandria eYiputa, apho ngenkulungwane ye-3 BC kwakhiwa inqaba apho umlilo omkhulu wawuvutha rhoqo, ukuze oomatiloshe kuloo mimandla yolwandle bakwazi ukuzikhupha kwi-Mareotis swamp emva kwayo. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwixesha elidlulileyo, namhlanje inani lezindlu zokukhanya ezitsha ezakhiweyo ziphantse zayeka, zatshintshwa ziinkqubo zedijithali (LORAN, GPS, njl.) ukunceda ukuhamba: iindawo zokukhanya ezisasebenza endaweni yoko ziqhuba inkqubo ye -automation iyonke ukunciphisa i-automation yabo. ulawulo kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko.
E-Italy, ukususela ngo-1961, i-Saint Venerius ibe yingcwele yomgcini we-lightmen, oko kukuthi abo bajongene nokusebenza kwezibane zaselwandle.