Morokho
IMorocco </img> ), ngokusemthethweni uBukumkani baseMorocco, lilizwe elikummandla waseMaghreb kuMntla-ntshona weAfrika . Ijonge uLwandle lweMeditera emantla kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki ngasentshona, kwaye inemida yomhlaba kunye neAlgeria ngasempuma, kunye nommandla ophikisanayo weNtshona yeSahara emazantsi . IMauritania imi kumazantsi eNtshona yeSahara. I-Morocco iphinda ibango i -Spanish exclaves ye -Ceuta, i-Melilla kunye ne-Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, kunye neziqithi ezincinci ezilawulwa yi-Spanish ezikunxweme lwayo. [1] Igubungela ummandla wama- [2] okanye, enabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-37. Unqulo lwayo olusemthethweni noluphambili bubuSilamsi, kwaye iilwimi ezisemthethweni sisiArabhu nesiBerber ; Isiyelelane saseMorocco sesiArabhu nesiFrentshi sikwathethwa kakhulu. Isazisi saseMorocco kunye nenkcubeko yingxubevange yama -Arabhu, amaBerber, amaAfrika kunye neenkcubeko zaseYurophu . Ikomkhulu layo yiRabat, ngelixa eyona dolophu inkulu iyiCasablanca . [3]
Kwingingqi ehlala abantu ukususela kwixesha le- Paleolithic kwiminyaka eyi-300,000 eyadlulayo, ilizwe lokuqala laseMorocco lasekwa ngu -Idris I ngo-788. Emva koko yalawulwa luthotho lweedynasties ezizimeleyo, yafikelela kwinqanaba layo njengamandla engingqi kwi-11th kunye ne-12th inkulungwane, phantsi kwe- Almoravid kunye ne-Almohad dynasties, xa yayilawula uninzi lwePeninsula yase-Iberia kunye neMaghreb. [4] Iinkulungwane zokufuduka kwama-Arabhu ukuya eMaghreb ukusukela kwinkulungwane yesi-7 yatshintsha indawo yaseMorocco. Ngenkulungwane ye-15 neye-16, iMorocco yajongana nezoyikiso zangaphandle kulawulo lwayo, kunye nePortugal yathatha indawo ethile kunye noBukhosi base-Ottoman bungena empuma. Ubukhosi baseMarinid kunye noSaadi ngenye indlela baxhathisa ulawulo lwamazwe angaphandle, kwaye iMorocco yayikuphela kwelizwe laseMntla Afrika elasinda kulawulo lwase-Ottoman. Ubukhosi be-'Alawi, obulawula ilizwe ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, bahlutha amandla ngo-1631, kwaye kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezalandelayo bandisa ubudlelwane bezozakuzo kunye nezorhwebo kunye nehlabathi laseNtshona . Indawo yobuchule yaseMorocco kufutshane nomlomo weMeditera yavuselela umdla waseYurophu; Ngo-1912, iFransi neSpain zahlula ilizwe lazizikhuselo ezihlukeneyo, zigcina indawo yamazwe ngamazwe eTangier . Ukulandela izidubedube eziqhubekayo kunye nokuvukela ulawulo lwamakholoniyali, ngo-1956, iMorocco yaphinda yafumana uzimele-geqe kwaye imanyana kwakhona.
Ukusukela kwinkululeko, iMorocco ihleli izinzile. Inoqoqosho lwesihlanu ngobukhulu e-Afrika kwaye inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi-Afrika nakwilizwe lama -Arabhu ; ithathwa njengegunya eliphakathi kwimicimbi yehlabathi kwaye inamalungu kuManyano lweArabhu, iManyano yeMeditera kunye neManyano yeAfrika . [5] I-Morocco lilizwe elimanyeneyo lomgaqo-siseko kunye nepalamente eyonyuliweyo. Isebe elilawulayo likhokelwa nguKumkani waseMorocco kunye nenkulumbuso, ngelixa amandla owiso-mthetho abekwe kumagumbi amabini epalamente: iNdlu yabaMeli kunye neNdlu yamaCeba . Amandla enkundla axhomekeke kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, enokuthi iphonononge ukuba semthethweni kwemithetho, unyulo kunye nohlolo. Ukumkani unegunya elikhulu lokulawula kunye nowiso-mthetho, ngakumbi emkhosini, inkqubo yangaphandle kunye nemicimbi yenkolo; angakhupha imimiselo ebizwa ngokuba ziidahirs, enegunya lomthetho, kwaye angayichitha ipalamente emva kokubonisana nenkulumbuso kunye nomongameli wenkundla yomgaqo-siseko.
I-Morocco ibanga ubunini bommandla ongalawulekiyo we- Western Sahara, ewunyule ukuba ngamaPhondo aseMazantsi . Ngowe-1975, emva kokuba iSpeyin ivumile ukuwushenxisa lo mmandla ize inike iMorocco neMauritania ukulawula, kwaqhambuka imfazwe yabanqolobi phakathi kwaloo magunya nabanye kubemi balapho . Ngowe-1979, iMauritania yaliyeka ibango layo kuloo mmandla, kodwa imfazwe yaqhubeka igquba. Ngowe-1991, kwenziwa isivumelwano sokuphelisa imfazwe, kodwa umbandela wolongamo awuzange uzinziswe. Namhlanje, iMorocco ibambe isibini kwisithathu sommandla, kwaye iinzame zokusombulula le ngxabano ukuza kuthi ga ngoku aziphumelelanga ukwaphula umqobo wezopolitiko.
- ↑ "Ceuta, Melilla profile" BBC News (in en-GB) 2018 retrieved 13 November 2018
- ↑ "Land area (sq. km) – Morocco | Data" data.worldbank.org retrieved 15 February 2022
- ↑ Jamil M. Abun-Nasr (20 August 1987) A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0
- ↑ Hall, John G.; Chelsea Publishing House (2002) North Africa Infobase Publishing ISBN 978-0-7910-5746-9
- ↑ Balfour, Rosa (March 2009) "The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean" Mediterranean Politics 14 (1): 99–105 ISSN 1362-9395 doi:10.1080/13629390902747491 Unknown parameter
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