Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiyobisi
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, okwakwaziwa ngokuba gwenxa kweziyobisi, kukusetyenziswa kwechiza ngokwemilinganiselo okanye ngeendlela eziyingozi emntwini okanye kwabanye. Luhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kweziyobisi . Iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi zisetyenziswa kwiimeko zempilo yoluntu, ezonyango, kunye nobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuziphatha kolwaphulo-mthetho okanye okuchasene noluntu kwenzeka xa umntu ephantsi kweempembelelo zeziyobisi, kwaye utshintsho lwexesha elide kumntu ngamnye lunokwenzeka. Ukongeza kukwenzakala okunokwenzeka emzimbeni, ekuhlaleni, nasengqondweni, ukusetyenziswa kwamanye amachiza kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho, nangona ezi zinokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kulawulo lwasekuhlaleni. name="Mosby">Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary (6th ed.) St. Louis: Mosby 2002 pp. 552, 2109 ISBN 978-0-323-01430-4 OCLC 48535206.
Iziyobisi ezihlala zinxulunyaniswa neli gama ziquka: utywala, i-amphetamines, i-barbiturates, i-benzodiazepines, i- cannabis, i- cocaine, i-hallucinogens (nangona ingekho i- psychedelic eyaziwayo, enye yeendidi ezintathu ze- hallucinogens, efunyenwe ukuba nayo nayiphi na into enokubakho), i-methaqualone ., kunye neeopioids . Oyena nobangela wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi awukacaci, kodwa zimbini iithiyori ezibalaseleyo: nokuba sisimo semfuza okanye umkhwa ofundwe kwabanye, othi, ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi, ubonakale njengesifo esingapheliyo esibangela ukuba buthathaka . [1]
Ngo-2010, malunga ne-5% yabantu (izigidi ezingama-230) basebenzise into engekho mthethweni. [2] Kwaba, abazizigidi ezingama-27 basengozini enkulu yokusebenzisa iziyobisi—eyaziwa ngokuba kukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweziyobisi—ebangela ingozi kwimpilo yabo, ebangela iingxaki ezingokwengqondo, okanye ebangela iingxaki zasekuhlaleni ezibabeka esichengeni sezo ngozi. [2]
- ↑ "Addiction is a Chronic Disease" archived from the original on 24 June 2014 retrieved 2 July 2014 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (June 2012) World Drug Report 2012 United Nations ISBN 978-92-1-148267-6 archived from the original on 7 September 2022 retrieved 27 September 2016 Ngo-2015, ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubangele ukufa kwe-307,400, ukusuka kwi-165,000 yokufa ngo-1990 name="GBD2015">GBD 2015 (8 October 2016) "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015." The Lancet 388 (10053): 1459–1544 PMC 5388903 PMID 27733281 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 name="GDB2013">GBD 2013 (17 December 2014) "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013." The Lancet 385 (9963): 117–71 PMC 4340604 PMID 25530442 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2