Northern Ireland
UMntla Ireland (IsiNgesi: uMntla Ireland; isiIrish: Tuaisceart Éireann; Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) lelinye lamazwe amane abumba iUnited Kingdom . Kanye njengesizwe, ichazwa ngokwahlukeneyo njengelizwe, ingingqi okanye iphondo lase-United Kingdom, kuxhomekeke kumxholo. Igubungela indawo eyi- 13 843 km² kumntla-mpuma wesiqithi saseIreland kwaye kumda weRiphabhlikhi yaseIreland.
Ukususela ekutyikityweni kweSivumelwano soLwesihlanu oLungileyo ngo-1998, uMntla Ireland ube nommandla obanzi wokuzilawula ngaphakathi kwe-United Kingdom; phantsi kwesi sivumelwano, isebenzisana neRiphabhlikhi yaseIreland kwezinye iindawo, ngelixa eminye imiba igcinwe kurhulumente waseBritane, nangona iRiphabhlikhi yaseIreland "inokuphakamisa iimbono kunye nezimvo ezintsha" kunye "nemigudu ezimiseleyo yokusombulula ukungavisisani phakathi koorhulumente babini".
INorthern Ireland yadalwa ngo-1921, xa i-Ireland yahlulwa yaba yi-"Northern Ireland" kunye ne "Southern Ireland" nguMthetho woRhulumente wase-Ireland we-1920 wePalamente yase-Bhritane . Ngokungafaniyo ne-Southern Ireland, eyayiza kuba yi-Irish Free State ngowe-1922, uninzi lwabemi bakuMntla Ireland babengamalungu omanyano kwaye benyanisekile kwi-United Kingdom [1], njengoko uninzi lwabemi yayingamaProtestanti kunye nabemi abasuka eGreat Britain; nangona kunjalo, iqaqobana elibalulekileyo, ubukhulu becala lamaKatolika, lalingabalandeli bobuzwe kunye neriphabliki kwaye lalifuna, ke ngoko, i-Ireland emanyeneyo ezimeleyo kulawulo lwaseBritani. [2] [3] [4] [5] Namhlanje, abo bangaphambili bazichaza ngokubanzi njengeBritane, ngelixa aba bangama-Irish; abanye abantu abasuka kuzo zombini ezi ndawo bazibiza ngokuba ngabantu baseNorthern Irish. [6]
Ngokwembali, uMntla Ireland wawuphawulwe lucalucalulo kunye nobutshaba phakathi koluntu mbini, kwinto ophumelele iBhaso loXolo lweNobel uDavid Trimble wayibiza ngokuba "yindlu ebandayo" yamaKhatholika. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, ungquzulwano phakathi koluntu mbini kunye nemikhosi karhulumente ebandakanyekayo lwaphumela kugonyamelo lwamashumi amathathu eminyaka olwaziwa ngokuba lungquzulwano lwaseMantla eIreland (okanye iThe Troubles in English ), olwathi lwadla ubomi babantu abangaphezu kwamawaka amathathu lwaza lwabangela ukuba kubekho ugonyamelo olungaphezu kolu. 50 000 benzakele. [7]
I-1998 Good Friday Agreement yayilinyathelo elikhulu phambili kwinkqubo yoxolo, nangona amahlelo kunye nokwahlulwa kwezenkolo kusekho iingxaki ezinzulu zentlalo.
INorthern Ireland ngokwembali ibingowona mmandla unemizi-mveliso kwesi siqithi. Emva kokuhla okulandela ixesha lesiphithiphithi sezopolitiko nezentlalo yeeNgxaki [8], uqoqosho lwayo luye lwakhula kakhulu ukususela ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1990 . Oku ngokuyinxenye kwakungenxa "yesabelo soxolo" kwaye ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokwanda korhwebo kunye neRiphabhlikhi yaseIreland, inkululeko enkulu yokuhamba ngenxa yokuphela kweetshekhi zokhuseleko lomkhosi waseBritane kunye nokuncipha okuphawulweyo kwiingxaki zokhuseleko. Konke oku kukhokelele ekwandeni kokhenketho, utyalo-mali kunye norhwebo oluvela kwihlabathi liphela. Intswela-ngqesho eNorthern Ireland yafikelela incopho yayo ngo-1986, kwi-17.2%, ngaphambi kokuwela kwi-6.1% ngo-Agasti ka- kwaye iyancipha ngakumbi nge-1.2% ekuhambeni konyaka. [9] I-58.2% yabangasebenziyo isithuba esingaphezu konyaka bengaphangeli.
Abona bantu baphambili bezobugcisa nezemidlalo baseMntla Ireland baquka uVan Morrison, uRory McIlroy, uJoey Dunlop kunye noGeorge Best. Abanye abasuka kuMntla Ireland baye kamva bafaka izicelo baza banikwa ilungelo lokuba ngabemi baseIreland, njengembongi uSéamus Heaney; kwangaxeshanye, abemi Irish abafuna ukuhlala Northern Ireland okanye Great Britain nako ukufumana ubumi British ngeendlela ezilula kunabanye abafuduki. Amakhonkco enkcubeko phakathi kweNorthern Ireland, yonke i-Ireland kunye ne-United Kingdom yonke iyinkimbinkimbi, njengoko iNorthern Ireland inandipha umxube wenkcubeko ovela e-Ireland nase-United Kingdom. Kwimidlalo emininzi, isiqithi saseIreland sikhuphisana neqela elinye, ngaphandle kwebhola ekhatywayo kunye nebhola yomnyazi, enemibutho eyahlukileyo kuleyo yeRiphabhliki yaseIreland.
I-Ireland yaseMntla ikhuphisana ngabanye kwiMidlalo ye-Commonwealth, kwaye iimbaleki zesizwe zifanelekile ukukhuphisana ne -Great Britain kunye ne-Ireland kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki.
Njengommandla waseUnited Kingdom, isaci sayo sasisithi Quis separabit?, elithetha ngesiLatini ngubani onokusahlula? Emva kokuqhambuka kweNgxaki, yamkelwa yi UDA.
- ↑ "Standing up for Northern Ireland" Partito Unionista dell'Ulster
- ↑ Richard Jenkin, 1997, Rethinking ethnicity: arguments and explorations, SAGE Publications: London: "In Northern Ireland the objectives of contemporary nationalists are the reunification of Ireland and the removal of British government."
- ↑ Peter Dorey, 1995, British politics since 1945, Blackwell Publishers: Oxford: "Just as some Nationalists have been prepared to use violence in order to secure Irish reunification, so some Unionists have been prepared to use violence in order to oppose it."
- ↑ "Strategy Framework Document: Reunification through Planned Integration: Sinn Féin's All Ireland Agenda" archived from the original on 2006-07-16 retrieved 2023-09-21 Sinn Féin. Retrieved 2 August 2008.
- ↑ "Policy Summaries: Constitutional Issues" Partito Socialdemocratico e Laburista
- ↑ "Which of these best describes the way you think of yourself?" archived from the original on 2015-09-23 retrieved 2023-09-21
- ↑ Security and defense-related statistics. Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN)
- ↑ History Of Ireland New York: MJF Books, Fine Communications 2004 p. 324 ISBN 978-1-60671-037-1
- ↑ The Guardian newspaper:UK unemployment rate falls to lowest level since 2008 financial crisis, 17 settembre 2014