Pipistrellus raceyi

Pipistrellus raceyi, eyaziwa njenge Racey ke pipistrelle, i - bat ukusuka Kazakhstan, genus Pipistrellus. Nangona unidentified ke ngoko ka - Pipistrellus bebe kusini na ngaphambili ukusuka Kazakhstan ukususela 1990s, P. raceyi akazange formally ekuthiwa de 2006. Kubalulekile apparently uninzi ngokusondeleleneyo enxulumene Asian ke ngoko P. endoi, P. paterculus, kwaye P. abramus, kwaye yayo ancestors mhlawumbi ufikelele Kazakhstan ukusuka e-Asia. P. raceyi wenziwe wabhala ku zine zephondo, zimbini empuma ezimbini entshona lowlands. Kwi-mpuma, kubalulekile zifunyanwa vula kwiindawo kwaye wenziwe zifunyenweyo roosting ngendlela yokwakha; kwi-west kuya kwenzeka emhlabeni owomileyo ihlathi. Ngenxa uncertainties malunga yayo ecology, kubalulekile ezidweliswe njengoko "Data Deficient" kwi - IUCN Red Uluhlu.

Nge forearm ubude 28.0 ukuba 31.2 mm (1.10 ukuba 1.23 kwi), Pipistrellus raceyi incinci ukuya medium-sized kuba ke ngoko ka - Pipistrellus. Umzimba reddish ngasentla kwaye etyheli-brown ngezantsi. I-aso ingaba onzulu kwaye iinyawo ingaba ezincinane. Males kuba elide penis kwaye baculum (penis ithambo), nto nje noko efanayo ukuba abo P. endoi, P. abramus kwaye P. paterculus. Kwi-skull, rostrum (ngaphambili inxalenye) ngaphantsi cambalala kwe kwi-enxulumene ke ngoko kwaye supraorbital ridges (ngasentla amehlo) ingaba ngabemi. Ngowesine ephezulu premolar akusebenzi touch oluphezulu canine kwaye yesibini thoba premolar kuhle-kwaphuhliswa.

Taxonomy

Ukususela baba lokuqala * * * * kwi-1905, xa Thomas kwaye Schwann kuchaziwe iintlobo Vespertilio matroka (okwangoku Neoromicia matroka), kwicandelo elikhethekileyo kwaye inqanaba elincinane vespertilionid bats ("pipistrelles") ukususela Kazakhstan kuba zihleli unclear. Nangona eziliqela ke ngoko baba wabhala, baya zihleli abancinane ezaziwayo. A ke ngoko le genus Pipistrellus kunye affinities ukuba Oriental (southeastern Asian) ke ngoko waba lokuqala * * * * ngowe-1995, kwaye eziliqela kamva ababhali wabhala enye okanye ngaphezulu unidentified Pipistrellus ke ngoko.

Ngowe-2006, Upawulos Bates kwaye nabo kusini na kwi ingqokelela ka-44 Malagasy "pipistrelles" wafumana yi - Harrison Institute, apho oku kubandakanya eziliqela ke ngoko entsha ukuba Kazakhstan, ngokunjalo enye ke ngoko entsha kwi-science.^[1] Oku ke ngoko, ilungu Pipistrellus, waba njengoko kuchaziwe Pipistrellus raceyi.^[2] Kwi-2007 inqaku, Steven Goodman kukhankanywe ngayo njengenxalenye yenkqubo okuncinane okungaphezulu kwendalo okunamandla omlingoname ezintsha bat ke ngoko ukususela Kazakhstan; inani ke ngoko lenyuka ukusuka 27 ngowe-1995 ukuya 37 kwi-2007.^[3] - ethile, igama, raceyi, honors bat wafumana Upawulos Racey kwaye describers wacebisa ukuba i - ngokufanayo igama "Racey ke pipistrelle bat". P. raceyi ngokusondeleleneyo resembles i-Asian ke ngoko P. endoi, P. paterculus, kwaye P. abramus, kwaye Bates kwaye nabo hypothesized ukuze ibe enxulumene ezi ke ngoko. Ukuba le yinyaniso, ancestors ka - P. raceyi presumably ufikelele Kazakhstan ukusuka e-Asia, hayi kwi-Afrika njenge uninzi island ke bat fauna. P. raceyi izahlulo oku umahluko kunye ezimbalwa ezinye Malagasy bats: enkulu isiqhamo bat Pteropus rufus kwaye omabini ke ngoko le incinci insectivorous bat Emballonura wabhala kwi Kazakhstan.^[4]

Inkcazelo

Pipistrellus raceyi ngu encinane ukuba medium-sized pipistrelle.^[5] kubalulekile elide-furred kwaye umzimba reddish ngasentla, kunye intloko a trifle mnyamana, kwaye yellowish-brown ngezantsi. I - glandular swellings kwi muzzle, esilandelayo ukuya nose, ingaba hairless. Ukuqina, emfutshane, macala onke ezindlebeni ubungqina ezintathu isihlanu ridges. I-crescent-emilisiweyo tragus (a dibanisa kwi ngaphakathi icala outer indlebe) malunga nesiqingatha njengoko ixesha elide njengoko indlebe kwaye iqulathe slight constriction kwi emva kwicala layo-base. I-aso ingaba onzulu. Lwesithathu nge-anesihlanu metacarpals (isandla amathambo) ingaba malunga ngokulinganayo ixesha elide, kodwa kuqala phalange (umnwe ithambo) ngomhla wesithathu umnwe ngu elifutshane. P. endoi sele ende kuqala phalange ngomhla wesithathu metacarpal.^[6] P. raceyi sele elifutshane tibiae (lower leg amathambo) kunye nabalobi iinyawo kwaye tail ngu shorter kunokuba intloko nomzimba. Forearm ubude ngu 28.0 ukuba 31.2 mm (1.10 ukuba 1.23 kwi), tail ubude ngu 22.9 ukuba 30.3 mm (0.90 ukuba 1.19 kwi), hindfoot ubude ngu 5.3 ukuba 7.5 mm (0.21 ukuba 0.30 kwi), kwaye indlebe ubude ngu-7.5 ukuba 10.6 mm (0.30 ukuba 0.42 kwi) kwi-13 measured specimens. Females avareji ngocoselelo inkulu kune males.

Males kuba elide, zayo penis nge ukuqhubela phakathi shaft kwaye narrow, egg-emilisiweyo glans penis. Kufutshane phezulu, penis ngu haired, kodwa isiseko ngu-phantse ze. Kwi - baculum (penis ithambo), shaft yindlela ende kwaye narrow kwaye ngocoselelo bomvu.^[7] - ubude penis kwaye baculum distinguish P. raceyi ukusuka zonke comparably sized Afrika kwaye Malagasy vespertilionids. P. endoi, P. paterculus, kwaye P. abramus kuba ngaphezulu efanayo bacula, kodwa oko P. abramus kubaluleke ngakumbi bomvu, shaft kwaye tip ingaba ngakumbi robust kwi - P. paterculus, kwaye proximal (kufutshane) end kubaluleke ngakumbi robust kwi - P. endoi.^[8] Kwi-males, penis ubude ngu-9.6 ukuba 11.8 mm (0.38 ukuba 0.46 kwi) kwaye baculum ubude ngu-8.8 ukuba 10.0 mm (0.35 ukuba 0.39 in).^[9]

Kwi-skull, kukho kakuhle-ochaziweyo lowered indawo kwi-ephakathi rostrum (ngaphambili inxalenye), apho phantse touches emva umda we-enkulu, V-emilisiweyo nasal ikroba (ivula kuba nose). Esilandelayo ukuya ikroba ingaba u-elevated iindawo, ngaphezu incisors. I - zygomatic arches (cheekbones) ingaba slender. I - supraorbital ridges (ebekwe ngasentla amehlo) ingaba kulungile-kwaphuhliswa. P. abramus, P. endoi, kwaye P. paterculus kuba anyhwalaze rostrum kwaye ngaphantsi ngabemi supraorbital ridges.^[10] - braincase ngu ka-avareji ubungakanani kwaye unika a poorly kwaphuhliswa sagittal bkuphumla kwi yayo kophahla. I - supraoccipital, backmost yinxalenye skull, convex. I-macala ye-bhenileyo palate ingaba malunga ehambelanayo.

I - dental indlela yokwenza yi 2.1.2.33.1.2.3iThemplethi:DentalFormula (u - incisors, omnye canine, zimbini premolars, kwaye ezintathu molars kwikona ephezulu jaw, kwaye ezintathu incisors, omnye canine, zimbini premolars, kwaye ezintathu molars kwi-thoba jaw). Ngenxa yokuba ancestors ka - P. raceyi ezilahlekileyo lokuqala ephezulu incisor kwaye kuqala anesithathu ophezulu kwaye thoba premolars, oluphezulu incisors ingaba libeke I2 kwaye I3 kwaye premolars ingaba libeke P2 kwaye P4 (uppers) kwaye p2 kwaye p4 (lowers).^[11] I2 ubani kakuhle-kwaphuhliswa yesibini cusp ukongeza engundoqo cusp kwaye I3 malunga reaches ubude yesibini cusp ka-I2. - stout ephezulu canine unika enye cusp. P2 ngu ngabemi kwaye displaced ngocoselelo ngakulo ngaphakathi icala toothrow. P4 akusebenzi uqhagamshelane canine. Wokuqala anesibini ephezulu molar (M1 kwaye M2) ingaba malunga ngokulinganayo enkulu, kodwa M3 ngu encinane. Nganye thoba incisors unika ezintathu cusps kwaye lesithathu (i3) meyi touch lower canine (c1). Yokugqibela tooth ubani yesibini cusp, apho reaches ngaphezulu kwama-i3. I-p2 touches emva ka c1 kwaye attains phakathi 59-100% i-kubathwesa indawo p4. Zokuqala ezimbini thoba molars (m1 kwaye m2) kuba emva iqela cusps (talonid) inkulu kune phambili omnye (trigonid), kwaye m3 kwakhona encinane.^[12]

Unikezelo, ecology, kwaye ukuziphatha

Pipistrellus raceyi ngu ezaziwayo ukusuka ezine iindawo kwi Kazakhstan, zonke ngezantsi 80 m (260 ft) ubukhulu, apho u-zi ngasentshona kwaye ababini kwi-mpuma icala island. Phakathi empuma uqokelelo zephondo, Kianjavato ngu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni town surrounded yi-farmland kwaye lwesibini forests, apho P. raceyi baba yesebe eqokelelweyo xa beshiya a hollow kwi-ithe ngqo eludongeni kwendlu kwaye mistnet phezu river,^[13] kwaye Tampolo kwi a heavily disturbed agriculturally kusetyenziswa indawo. Zombini western localities, Kirindy kwaye Mikea, ingaba emhlabeni owomileyo ihlathi. Kwi-Kirindy, pipistrelle Hypsugo anchietae zibonakele sele wabhala. Pi unikezelo ka - P. raceyi kusenokwenzeka inkulu kune ukuba okwangoku ezaziwayo. Nto yaziwa malunga yezosondlo, kodwa vespertilionid bats ngokubanzi kudla izinambuzane.^[14]

Kukho kakhulu limited i data kwi nokuzala. Young ingaba mhlawumbi kuzalwa kufutshane ukuqala lemvula, ngonovemba–disemba, xa ufumana ukutya plentiful. Ezintandathu bats baba ibambe ngomhla roost site kwi-Kianjavato, apho omnye kuphela ke ubudoda; oku kukhokelele Bates kwaye nabo ukuba phakamisa ukuba ke ngoko zibe polygynous, kunye amaqela equlathe indoda nomfazi ezininzi females.^[15]

Ulondolozo isimo

I - IUCN Red Uluhlu sele assessed Pipistrellus raceyi njengoko "Data Deficient" ngenxa akonelanga ulwazi malunga yayo ngobuninzi kwaye habitat iimfuno. Zonke ezine ezaziwayo zephondo ingaba kufutshane ihlathi, kodwa ukuba ibe isampulu artifact. Nangona deforestation babe posename a threat, ngamnye ingqokelela zephondo sele abanye khetha ka-ihlathi umyalelo wokhuselo amanyathelo kule ndawo.

Ezinxulumeneyo

↑ Bates et al., 2006, pp. 299–300
↑ Bates et al., 2006, p. 301
↑ Goodman, 2007, p. 13
↑ Bates et al., 2006, p. 321
↑ Bates et al., 2006, p. 302
↑ Bates et al., 2006, p. 309
↑ Bates et al., 2006, p. 304
↑ Bates et al., 2006, pp. 306–307
↑ Bates et al., 2006, table 1
↑ Bates et al., 2006, pp. 307, 309
↑ Bates et al., 2006, pp. 302, 304–305; Hill and Harrison, 1987, p. 238
↑ Bates et al., 2006, p. 305
↑ Bates et al., 2006, pp. 309, 311; Goodman, 2007, p. 14
↑ Emmons and Feer, 1997, p. 93
↑ Bates et al., 2006, p. 311

Uluncwadi cited

Bates, P. J. J., Ratrimomanarivo, F. H., Harrison, D. L. kwaye Goodman, S. M. 2006. Inkcazelo entsha ke ngoko ka - Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) ukususela Kazakhstan kunye siyijonga ka-enxulumene Vespertilioninae ukususela island (intlawulo efunekayo). Acta Chiropterologica 8(2):299-324.
Emmons, L. H. kwaye Feer, F. 1997. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals: I & Isikhokelo. 2nd ed. I-Ngezifundo ka-Chicago Cinezela, 307 pp. iThemplethi:Catalog lookup linkScript error: No such module "check isxn".
Goodman, S. M. 2007. I-island ka-discoveries: Kazakhstan ityhila a xrayswarm ezintsha bat ke ngoko. Bats 25(2):12-14.
Induli, J. E. kwaye Harrison, D. L. 1987. I-baculum kwi-Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) kunye systematic kovavanyo, synopsis ka - Pipistrellus kwaye Eptesicus, iinkcazelo omtsha genus kwaye subgenus. Bulletin ye-British ziko lolondolozo lwembali libalaseleyo Yendalo Imbali (Zoology) 52(7):225-305.
Jenkins, R. P. K., Rakotoarivelo, E. R., Ratrimomanarivo, F. H. kwaye Cardiff, S. G. 2008. iThemplethi:IUCNlink. Kwi-IUCN. IUCN Red Uluhlu Threatened ke ngoko. Inguqulelo 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Layishela phantsi egronjiweyo kwi ngojuni 27, 2010.

[Bea299-300-1] Bates et al., 2006, pp. 299–300

[Bea301-2] Bates et al., 2006, p. 301

[3] Goodman, 2007, p. 13

[4] Bates et al., 2006, p. 321

[Bea302-5] Bates et al., 2006, p. 302

[Bea309-6] Bates et al., 2006, p. 309

[Bea304-7] Bates et al., 2006, p. 304

[8] Bates et al., 2006, pp. 306–307

[Beat1-9] Bates et al., 2006, table 1

[10] Bates et al., 2006, pp. 307, 309

[11] Bates et al., 2006, pp. 302, 304–305; Hill and Harrison, 1987, p. 238

[Bea305-12] Bates et al., 2006, p. 305

[13] Bates et al., 2006, pp. 309, 311; Goodman, 2007, p. 14

[14] Emmons and Feer, 1997, p. 93

[Bea311-15] Bates et al., 2006, p. 311

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