Ilungu:Dr Nomfundo Mali/Iziduko zesiXhosa

Iziduko zamaXhosa (isiduko (isinye.), iziduko (isininzi.) nge- Xhosa) ngamagama eentsapho zamaXhosa alanda umnombo wolo sapho kwaye abaluleke ukodlula ifanis among amaXhosa[1]. Much like the clan system of Scotland, UmXhosa ngamnye uyakwazi ukuwulanda umnombo wosapho lwakhe ewulanda kude kwisinyanya esinokuba ngumama okanye utata.Ngokubiza umntu ngesiduko sakhe unokubonisa umbulelo okanye intlonipho egqibeleleyo, kwaye kubonisa imbeko nentlonipho xa umntu umnbuza isiduko sakhe xa nidibana. Isiduko sikwasetyenziswa ngabantu xa bekhuza, umntu asebenzise isiduko sakhe[[ukukhuza].

Xa umfazi etshata unokuthathath ifani yomyeni wakhe, kodwa isiduko sakhe sihlala sihleli, isiduko sakhe sithi siqale ngo-Ma. Indoda nomfazi abanesiduko esifanayo abatshatani, njengoko behlobeni.

Nazi iziduko ezimbalwa zamaXhosa:

• Bhayi (Khetshe, Mkhumbeni, Msuthu – bayazalana namaVundle)
• Bhele (Ahlukahlukene ngokwezi ziduko: Dongo, Langa, etc.)
• Cethe (ooChizama)
• Cirha (ooNcibane, Nojaholo, Ntswentswe, Qhanqolo, Sihlobo SikaPhalo, Hlomla lidala lineempondo, MGcaleka) by AD
• Deyi
• Debeza – OoDebeza, ngoJebe, Nonyanya, Nongoqo, Mbeka Ntshiyini Bathi uqumbile, Khonkcoshe Mbokodo engava mkwetsho (Olu lusapho lwasebukhosini kwisizwe smaMpondomise group. Bazinze kumhlaba obusa kubizwa nge-Transkei, kuTsolo, Qumbu kunye naseMthatha eMpuma Koloni.)
• Dlamini (or Zizi,Jama kaSjadu, the clan name of Thabo Mbeki, an Mfengu subgroup)
• Dlane
• Dlomo (different lines, Thembu or Hlubi subgroups)
• Dontsa- oNoDlidlu, oNoDlabathi, oSwahla, oMntungwa uNdukuMkhonto, uShembe, bath' uDontsa akananyongo kant' abay'bon' uba igqunywe ngesbhadlalala so mhlehlo... (Hlubi clan)
• Dosini
• Duma (Nxuba)
• Faku (Nyawuza, Thahla, Ndayeni, Mpondo, Hlamba ngobubend'amanz'ekhona)
• Gaba (Mngqosini, Mjobi, Thithiba, Cihoshe, Nozinga, Mnt'womlambo, Thikoloshe, Ndoko, Mbokodw'emnyama Kahili, Msuthu)
• Gadluma
• Ganu
• Gebe (a Bomvana clan name)
• Gqunu
• Gqwashu (with Khoi-khoi ancestry)
• Gxarha (Mpodomise subgroup clan name)
• Hegebe
• Jola SingaMampondomse ngohlanga, oJola, oomphankomo, nomakhala, njuza, sthukuthezi, sithandwa mhla kukubi, hoshode, hakaha, mfaz'omabele made oncancisa naphesha komlambo
• Jwarha (Mtika, Mazaleni, Jotela, Khatiti, Mnangwe, Mayarha, Mbelu, Ndabase, Bantw'abahle noba bapheth' izikhali,
• Khawuta
• Khiwa (Khonjwayo, a Pondo clan)
• Khumalo (Mfengu clan name)
• Khwetshube (Mpondo clan name)
• Kwayi (Ngconde, Togu, Ubulawi, Ngcond'oneentshaba, etc.)
• Madiba (the clan name of Nelson Mandela, a Thembu. Important rulers and chiefs include Mthikrakra, Ngangelizwe, Dalindyebo, Joyi, Jumba, Sabatha, Buyelekhaya)
• Maduna (Gubevu, Nokhala, an Mfengu clan name)
• Manci(Mbali, Wabane, Tshitshis'intaba, Mdludla ka Bekiso, Zinde Zinde Zinemiqala)
• Maya (omaya oyem yem osophitsho, omagwa, ongqolomsila, obhomoyi)
• Mahlangu
• Matshaya Mbathane
• Mbanjwa
• Mbatha
• Mbotho
• Mdlangathi: Mome mome Sirhama Somntwana, Juta
• Mfene (Olisa, Ojambasi)
• Mhaga
• Miya, Gcwanini
• Mjoli (Qubulashe, Wushe)
• Mkhwemte Dabane Sgadi Mekhi Ntswentswe Fulashe Nojaholo Ncibane Qhanqolo Ntlokwenyathi Ngququ venge
• Mpehle (Mpodomise subgroup clan name)
• Mpemvu (a Thembu clan name)
• Mpinga (Mawawa): the clan of Enoch Sontonga, author of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika", part of Nationa Athem of Republic of South Africa.
• Mtakwenda (Leta, Libele, Tyebelendle, Ngcwadi, Kwangeshe, Mentuko, Mboyi, Solizembe)
• Mvulane (Ncilashe, Msuthu – they belong to the amaVundle people)
• Mweli (Jili, Msingawuthi, Ngqambela, Sibakhulu, Ntlangwini's enebathat yaseMakhuzeni)
• Myirha Mzondi Sampu Ziyeka (Ithambo lenyoka lihlaba elimzondayo)
• Mzangwa ( Khwalo, Nkume, Sohobese, Ncuthu, Mlanjana, Gcaleka, Tshikilakhe, Danisa kahleb

a)

• Ndala (Ndala ka Momamana, uMncotshe, Msunu Sdumbu, Thole, Ngxunga Smukumuku, Ndithinina )
• Ndlovu Mntungwa Gengesi Malunga Mancoba (zidlekhaya ngokuswela umalusi)
• Nduli, Bhoma, Phutha, Mayoli, Phalo, Bhodwayo, Mqula, Mgaleli, Matshokoba, Nduli elimnyama nentonga zalo, Siphakula singwevu ngomqala ungayibulali lonyoka yeyakuni, Sikhumb’esimdaka bathi besihlabanje babe-besigqobhoza, Mangxamel’intab’ezikude ntaba ziphesheya komlengana, Nkcala, Mbombose, Qiya, Cabekancidisi, Silanda siyingcangula, Mkhont’uyimesi, Sonkasothuthu, Sikhumba senyamakazi siyasongwa siyasombuluka, Maxhentsa phantsi kuvel’inkowane.
• Ngcitshane
• Ngxongo
• Ngwanya
• Nkomo (Mntungwa, Khumalo – amaMfengu. They are originally Ndebele from Natal and arrived in as refugees in Thembuland in 1828 during the time of the Mfecane wars.)
• Nkwali (Mfengu/Hlubi clan name: bhukula, Mkhwanazi, Nkwali ye Nkosi)
• Nozulu (Kheswa, Mpafane, Mchumane, Mpangazitha, Macocobela, Mbanguba, Thukela) by AD
• Nqarhwane
• Ntshilibe
• Nxasana
• Nxuba (Mduma, Rhudulu)
• Nyawuza (Faku, Mpondo ruling line, chiefs including Faku, Sigcau, Bokleni, Ndamase)
• Nzothwa
• Mqadi Ngqwili Nondlobe
• Qhinebe - Gqugqugqu, Zithonga-zthathu, Haha, Mlunjwa, Mkhomanzi, Duka namahlathi
• Qocwa (Zikhali Mazembe, Jojo, Tiyeka, Butsolo Beentonga Mbizana, Mabombo)
• Qoma (Qomukuyitya, Nyoyela, Nwaba ndikwenze, Singqu, Sisiqobo eso) by AD
• Qithi (Ndinga, Zondwa, Thembu)
• Mqwambi, Holomi
• Qwathi - Iinkomo zikaXesibe, zikaJojo, zikaMtshutshumbe, ogqaz'indlel'ebhek'ebuNguni. (The amaQwathi are not a clan but an independent nation founded by Mtshutshumbe kaMthetho who split from the amaXesibe nation and settled in the Mqanduli area in Thembuland some 350 years ago. Later they settled in their present capital of Engcobo during the reign of King Dlomo of abaThembu, about 1680. This small but fiercely independent and anti-colonial nation divides into several clans: amaDikela, amaTshaba, ooSdindi, ooBhlangwe, ooBhose, amaNzolo, imiNcayi, amaNtondo, amaKhombayo, ooMkhondweni, amaVumbe, ooKhebesi, amaBangula, amaDumba, ooMhotho, ooCakeni, ooBhabha, amaMvala, amaDabisa, ooS'ximba, etc. Prominent chiefs include the heroic anti-colonial Stokwe ka-Ndlela, the courageous Dalasile kaFubu, the great Fubu himself (who fought and killed both Rharhabe and his son Mlawu in 1872, defended his capital and defeated Madzikane of the Bhaca in 1824 and Matiwane of Ngwane in 1828 during the Mfecane wars triggered by Shaka, etc), Zwelakhe (present chief))
• Rhadebe ndlebentle'zombini (amaHlubi)
• Rhoyi
• Sithathu – means "third" (the third Khoi-khoi ancestry clan)[oChisana, Khopoyi, Ndebe, Hasa,Lawu,Nume,Mseng'umil'emaweni,OoNkomo Zibomvu]
• Sikhosana (Sirhama sidika izinja) by AD
• Skhoji (A group of Xhosa speaking people who mainly occupy the small town called Tsolo on the Tsitsa valley. They are the direct descendants of a Scottish man by the name of William Saunders who befriended a Xhosa girl and later had issue.)
• Shiya
• Sohobese
• Sonani
• Sukwini (with Khoi-khoi ancestry) – [Chwama, Dibashe ,Lawu'ndini, Nja-bomvu, Sandlala-ngca, Ithole loMthwakazi].
• Thangana (Krila, Rhaso, M'bamba, Bodlinja, Gobingca)
• Thole (Gqagqane, Buzini, Ndlangisa, Mzimshe, Lwandle)
• Tolo (amaMfengu – Dlangamandla, Mchenge, Mabhanekazi, Zulu, Mabele-made)
• Tshangisa (Zulu, Skhomo, Mhlatyana, Rhudulu, Nxuba, Mngwevu)
• Tshawe (the ruling house among all the Xhosa. Chiefs include Hintsa, Sigcawu, Sarhili, Xolilizwe, etc.)
• Tshezi (the ruling Bomvana clan of the Jalamba-Gambushe line, with European shipwreck ancestry)
• Tshomane (with shipwreck ancestry, split from the ruling Nyawuza clan of the Mpondo)
• Xesibe (AmaXesibe are a nation made up of several clans and tribes but their history is not well documented. Common clan names are: Nondzaba, Mbathane, Tshomela ka Matsho).
• Xhamela (They are also called amaGcina, found in Thembuland).
• Zangwa (Khwalo – amaMpondo).

Not all Xhosa speaking people belong to the amaXhosa nation whose rulership descends from amaTshawe (the Gcaleka and Rharhabe rulerships. The amaXhosa nation are the descendents of the line of Tshiwo to Phalo who begot Gcaleka and Rharhabe. Some people make the mistake of saying all Xhosa speakers are Umzi kaPhalo. The House of Phalo split into the amaGcaleka and amaRharhabe and the kingdom is presently being fought over between these two Xhosa houses. The issue of a Xhosa kingdom remains unresolved.

Major Xhosa-speaking nations or groups

These nations or groups include:

• AmaGqunukhwebe
• AmaMfengu (amaHlubi, amaBhele, amaZizi, amaNgwane, etc.)
• AmaMpondo (their kingdom is in dispute, like that of the amaXhosa)
• AmaMpondomise (their kingdom was destroyed by British colonists in revenge for the killing of magistrate Christopher Hope by Mhlontlo's forces during the Anti-Colonial Revolt of 1880. The revolt was led by Mhlontlo of the amaMpondomise together with Gecelo of the amaGcina, Dalasile and Stokwe of the amaQwathi and Squngathi of the abaThembu).
• AmaQwathi
• AbaThembu (their kingdom is in dispute between the Matanzima and Dalindyebo descendants).
• AmaVundle
• AmaXesibe
• AmaXhosa (the kingdom is in dispute between amaGcaleka and amaRharhabe)

The AmaMpondo have their separate lineage that is traceable from Sibiside to Dlemini to Njanya, to Mpondo and Mpondomise (twins) and Xesibe. The descendants of Mpondo are Santsabe, Sukude, Msiza, Ncindise, Cabe, Gangata, Bhala, Chithwayo, Khonjwayo, Ngcoya, Hlamandana, Tahle, Nyawuza and many others. The descendants of Xesibe are Ntozabantu to Ndzuza to Miyana to Bimbi to Nondzaba who begot Hlabe to Mthetho to Mtshutshumbe who founded the amaQwathi nation. Mtshutshumbe begot Mndwana begot Ncobe begot Nkovane begot Ntswayibana begot Dikela. The amaMpondo, amaMpondomise, amaXesibe and amaQwathi nations are related but the amaQwathi settled in Thembuland more than 350 years ago and as a result Qwathi chiefdom is more Thembu in culture and political association.