uMzantsi Afrika
| UMzantsi Afrika | ||
|---|---|---|
| IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika Republiek van Suid-Afrika Republic of South Africa | ||
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| Ikomkhulu: | ePitoli, iKapa, eBloemfontein | |
| Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni: | IsiBhulu, IsiXhosa, IsiPedi, IsiSotho, IsiTswana, IsiZulu | |
| Isiphaluka: | 1 219 912 km² | |
| Uluntu: | 62027503 | |
| I-GDP (PPP): | {{{I-GDP (PPP)}}} | |
| I-GDP (PPP) Ngekhapital nganye: | {{{I-GDP (PPP)Ngekhapital nganye}}} | |
| I-GDP (Ngobizo): | {{{I-GDP (Ngobizo):}}} | |
| I-GDP (Ngobizo) Ngekhapital nganye: | {{{I-GDP (Ngobizo) Ngekhapital nganye:}}} | |
| Gini: | {{{Gini:}}} | |
| HDI: | {{{HDI:}}} | |
| Imali: | {{{Imali:}}} | |
| Ixesha lendawo: | {{{Ixesha lendawo:}}} | |
| Ifomathi yomhla: | {{{Ifomathi yomhla:}}} | |
| Icala lokuqhuba: | {{{Icala lokuqhuba:}}} | |
| Ikhowudi yokufowuna: | {{{Ikhowudi yokufowuna:}}} | |
| ISO 3166 ikhowudi: | {{{ISO 3166 ikhowudi:}}} | |
| I-TLD ye-intanethi: | {{{I-TLD ye-intanethi:}}} | |
UMzantsi Afrika, ngokusesikweni ubizwa ngokuba yirhiphabhlikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika (RSA), lilizwe elibuthume kwincakami yeAfrika. Ubukhulu bawo buziikhilomitha ezingama-2,798 kunxweme olunwebela lunxusa umzantsi wolwandle iAtlantika kunye nolwandle iIndiya. [1][2][3] Emantla nango ethe natya amazwe asebumelwaneni anjengeNamibia, i Botswana kunye neZimbabwe; ukuya empuma yiMozambique kunye naseSwazini; phakathi kwala mazwe kukho ilizwe laseLuSuthu, ingingqi engqongwe ziziphaluka zasemZantsi Afrika. [4] UmZantsi Afrika lilizwe elikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba libambe indawo yama-25 ngobukhulu bomhlaba kwihlabathi lonke jikelele, kwaye phantse zizigidi ezingama-53 zoluntu, lilizwe elibambe indawo yama-25 ukuba lelona lizwe laziwayo.
Amasiko
tshintshaUmZantsi Afrika sisizwe leentlanga-ngeentlanga elididiyelwe ngamasiko ngamasiko, ngeelwimi-ngeelwimi, nangeenkolo-ngeenkolo. Njengelizwe elingunozala weentlanga-ngeentlanga, oku kubonakala kakhulu xa umgaqo siseko ukwamkela ngokungazenzisiyo ummiselo wokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezili-11 nje ngeelwimi ezisemthethweni kwiinkonzo zaseburhulumenteni, nekuzezona zinenani eliphakamileyo kunawo onke amazwe emhlabeni. Ezimbini kwezi lwimi imvelaphi yazo iseYurophu: isiNgisi nesiBhunu, isiBhunu lisiDatshi olusetyenziswa njengolwimi lweenkobe luninzi lwabamhlophe kunye nabebala kweli laseMzantsi Afrika. Nangona isiNgesi ilulwimi olusetyenziswa imihla-ngemihla kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke nakwiintengiso, lulwimi lwesine olusetyenziswa njengolwimi lweenkobe.[3] [9]
Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika
tshintshaAbantu abamalunga nama-80% kubemi boMzantsi Afrika ngabantu abantsundu nekungabantu abaziinzalelwane zeli,[5][3] baziintlanga-ngeentlanga, bathetha iilwimi-ngeelwimi zakwaNtu, eziluthoba kuzo zinikwe isidima sokokuba zibe ziilwimi zaseburhulumenteni ngokusesikweni. [3] ezinye iintlanga ezingekho kweli nani ngabahlali bezixekokazi zaseAfrika ngamaYurophu, ngamaamaAsia, kunye nabamvelaphi yabo ikwiintlanga-ngeentlanga. Onke amaqela ezi ntlanga-ngeentlanga neelwimi-ngeelwimi amelwe ngokwezopolitiko kweli lizwe, kumgaqo siseko osekwe ngokwentando yabantu, opalamente yawo uyiRhiphablikhi, nawo osithoba amaphondo. Okoko kwathi kwaphela urhulumente wocalu-calulo, ubumbejembeje ngamasiko-ngamasiko boMzantsi afrika bulenze bangumahluko eli lizwe latsho laziwa de labaluleka ngakumbi, njengoko bubonakalisiwe kwintetho enguMmnyama weSizwe omabala-bala.
Ezoqoqosho
tshintsha Ngokwezoqoqosho ingeniso yaseMzantsi Afrika ibekwe kwinqanaba elingaphezu kwesiqingatha yiBhanki yeHlabathi, kwaye uMzantsi Afrika uthathwa nje ngelizwe elithi liseyimveku libe sele liphuhle ngokupheleleyo kwezoqoqosho.[6][7] Uqoqosho lwayo lubambe indawo yesibini eAfrika, kwaye ngobukhulu libambe indawo yama-28 kwihlabathi. [8] Xa kuthethwa ngokuthelekiswa kwamndla okuthenga oMzantsi Afrika kunye nawamanye amazwe, uMzantsi Afrika lilizwe lesixhenxe kwathenga kakhulu ngokwengeniso yonyaka eAfrika, nangona ubuhlwempu nokungalingani kwabantu ngokobuhlwempu nobutyebi busahamba phambili kweli lizwe, njengoko ikota yabantu ingaphangeli ibe iphila ngemali engaphantsi kwe-US$1,25 (R21,23) ngosuku. [9][10] Nangona kunjalo, uMzantsi Afrika uthe wachongwa njeamandla akwizinga eliphezulu ngokwehlabathi, yaza yahlala iliziko elinomfutho kwingingqi.[11][12]
Igama elithi Mzansi, lisuka esiXhoseni kwisibizo esithi umzantsi, oko kuthetha ukuthi "mzantsi", igama elisetyenziswa ekuhlaleni mihla le eMzantsi Afrika.[13][14]
iJografi
tshintshaUmzantsi Afrika umi kanye ezantsi kwingingqi esingathi kusezinyaweni zelizwekazi i-Afrika, nonxweme lwayo olude nolugama walo utsaleke ngokungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-2,500 nolugudla iilwandle ezimbini (i-South Atlantic kunye nolwase-India)
iReference
tshintsha- ↑ "South African Maritime Safety Authority" South African Maritime Safety Authority archived from the original on 29 December 2008 retrieved 16 June 2008
- ↑ "Coastline" The World Factbook CIA archived from the original on 16 July 2017 retrieved 16 June 2008
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "South Africa Fast Facts" SouthAfrica.info April 2007 archived from the original on 19 July 2008 retrieved 14 June 2008
- ↑ Guy Arnold "Lesotho: Year In Review 1996 –Britannica Online Encyclopedia" Encyclopædia Britannica retrieved 30 October 2011
- ↑ Census 2011: Census in brief Pretoria: Statistics South Africa 2012 ISBN 9780621413885 archived from the original on 25 December 2018 retrieved 12 January 2013
- ↑ "South Africa" World Bank retrieved 30 October 2011
- ↑ David Waugh (2000) "Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)" Geography: An Integrated Approach Nelson Thornes pp. 563, 576–579, 633, 640 ISBN 978-0-17-444706-1 retrieved 24 August 2013
- ↑ "World Development Indicators database" World Bank retrieved 26 June 2013
- ↑ "South Africa's Unemployment Rate Increases to 23.5%" Bloomberg 5 May 2009 retrieved 30 May 2010
- ↑ "HDI" UNDP
- ↑ Cooper, Andrew F.; Antkiewicz, Agata; Shaw, Timothy M. (10 December 2007) "Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?" International Studies Review 9 (4): 675, 687 doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x
- ↑ David A. Lynch (2010) Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements Rowman & Littlefield p. 51 ISBN 978-0-7425-6689-7 retrieved 2013-08-25 "Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is by far the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and now it is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid (white rule), when it was ostracized."
- ↑ Livermon, Xavier (2008) "Sounds in the City" in Nuttall, Sarah; Mbembé, Achille Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis Durham: Duke University Press p. 283 ISBN 9780822381211 "Mzansi is another black urban vernacular term popular with the youth and standing for South Africa."
- ↑ "Mzansi DiToloki" Deaf Federation of South Africa archived from the original on 16 January 2014 retrieved 15 January 2014 "uMzantsi in Xhosa means 'south', Mzansi means 'this country'."